raphael triumph of galatea
The water nymph, whose affair with a peasant shepherd inspired numerous works of art.
Ovid, in his Metamorphoses, tells the story of the mortal peasant shepherd, Acis, who falls in love with Galatea, a Nereid or water nymph, whose Greek name translates as ‘she who is milk white’. The jealous Cyclops, Polyphemus, bludgeoned Acis with a boulder and, in response, a distraught Galatea transformed him into the Sicilian river that bears his name. Their tale has inspired numerous works of art, including Handel’s pastoral opera of 1718, Acis and Galatea, with a libretto by John Gay, and paintings by Lorrain and Poussin.
This fresco was designed to be placed in Rome’s Villa Farnesina. Agostino Chigi owned Villa Farnesina and was one of the richest people of that time.
Galatea has a robust icthyocentaur to her left. Perhaps this creature, which has the middle of a man, body of a steed and tail of a fish, is meant to emphasise the mythological quality of the story or make it more interesting visually. Perhaps Raphael regarded it as a challenge to paint such a form. A centaur in the painting seems to have been overwhelmed by an affectionate, enthusiastic and obviously naked sprite.
The Triumph of Galatea is a fresco by renaissance artist Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, also known as Raphael. It depicts the character of Galatea, who appears in Greek mythology as a sea-nymph in love with a mortal. Raphael has immortalized the moment of Galatea’s apotheosis, when she becomes a being of the most divine level. The fresco is a testament to the humanization Raphael was able to bring to his work, and is the only work of Raphael’s based on a Greek myth. Singulart explains the myth behind the artwork and explores the composition of the fresco.
In Greek mythology, Galatea (meaning “she who is milk-white”) is a sea-nymph known as a Nereid. Although she had appeared in other classical Greek tales, the story of Galatea and Acis first appeared in Ovid’s Metamorphoses. She falls in love with Acis, a beautiful, mortal shephard who is the son of Faunus, god of the forest, and the river-nymph Symaethis. Although her heart belongs to Acis, Galatea is also pursued by the Sicilian cyclops Polyphemus. Polyphemus becomes enraged by Galatea and Acis’s affair, and strikes Acis with a boulder, killing him instantly. Blood then bursts from the stone, and a grieving Galatea turns Acis’s blood into the Sicilian river Acis, where he is immortalized as a spirit.
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Raphael designed the image using a series of diagonals in the upper register that continue in corresponding lines in the lower half of the painting. The drawn arrows of the two putti on either side of Galatea form an “x” when the eye connects them with the dolphin reins she holds on one side and the axis of slanted bodies that her own torso completes on the other. In the center of this x, in the middle of the fresco, her fair face turns its eyes toward Heaven, forming the still center of a turning wheel of lusty figures very much in motion all the way ’round her. And while Raphael may have borrowed some of the muscularity for his figures’ volume from Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel ceiling, which had just been unveiled to universal amazement, the softness, light, and beauty of that Madonna-like nymph in the center is all his own.
Interpretation of Triumph of the Galatea
Background Information for The Triumph of Galatea
The Triumph of Galatea is a fresco masterpiece completed in 1512 by Raphael for the Villa Farnesina in Rome. Born in 1483 in the province of Umbria, Raphael Sanzio received training in the workshop of Pietro Perugino. By the age of 17, Raphael proved himself to be one of the most promising of younger painters through his early works. Raphael was faced with the challenge of being as good as Michelangelo and Leonardo. While he lacked the same knowledge and power of Leonardo and Michelangelo, Raphael was a likeable and tempered artist. These qualities made him a favorite to potential patrons. The Triumph of Galatea was painted by inspiration to the “Stanze per la giostra” by the poet Angelo Poliziano. The story of Greek mythology, the pretty Nereid Galatea had fallen in love with Acis, the peasant shepherd who was killed by Polyphemus, one-eyed giant and Nereid Galatea’s consort. Raphael decided not paint any of the main events of the story, but he selected the scene of the nymph’s apotheosis instead. Galatea in this fresco rides a shell-chariot drawn by 2 dolphins. Galatea appears encircled by other sea creatures and Triton.
Resources:
http://www.raphael-sanzio.com/triumph-of-galatea/
http://blog.singulart.com/en/2019/11/15/the-myth-behind-raphaels-triumph-of-galatea/
http://christophervolpe.blogspot.com/2010/08/raphael-triumph-of-galatea-1512.html?m=1
http://dohertymgv.wordpress.com/2013/02/13/the-triumph-of-galatea/
http://www.raphael-sanzio.com/triumph-of-galatea/